FUEL ANALYSIS PARAMETERS AND PURIFIER SLUDGE FORMATION
The basics of purification and desludging depends upon the separation efficiency of purification and the impurity contents found in fuel blend.
Optimization of sludge generation in a purifier depends upon those parameters , basis analysis and also helps us reduce wastage of fuel unnecessarily as sludge, wherein disposal sometimes poses issues due to excess sludging and limited onboard capacities for handling/disposal.
Quantitative estimate of sludge formation and desludge intervals depends upon the fuel properties, followed by stress factor of sealing/working components of purification system.
Fuel being a homogeneous colloloidal blend with equilibrium under certain conditions leaves us with the option to assume disturbances to this equilibrium due to various stages in handling/ storage ,impurity additions ,usage - coupled with age(since blending to final consumption onboard) resulting in partial stratification of heavier and lighter components.
Purifier considerations
The guiding factors in a purifier to decide upon a desludge interval is the bowl volume
(given for every purifier in the manual) and the free space/ holding amount before the discharge can be effected.
The holding amount for brand new purifiers is 40 percent of bowl volume and for purifiers in use can be taken at 20 percent. This is due to the following reasons.
- Bowl closing water pulse and duration is used to ensure bowl is closed assuming leakage past o rings - this leakage increases with age and running in of purifier, irrespective of using new kits , once aged. This puts more strain on the bowl/ sealing rings once build up starts and thus tends to open the bowl during running.
-Sludge conditioning for removal becomes more difficult if build-up is allowed to exceed more and will choke the plates/ deteriorate the performance/ accelerate build up if not removed.
-Stratification of impurities during change-over of fuels. Despite all best practices, the change-over time requires minimum desludge intervals (depending upon the fuel properties of both fuels , due to the fact that the tanks cannot be entirely stripped off old fuel . Hence the time for desludge has to be reduced for the proportion assuming equal stratification in quantities, before setting up for the new fuel).
Optimal setting will also increase life of bowl sealing components ensuring an optimal wear and tear thus reducing maintenance and costs on a long run. However this is a continual exercise , considering the properties of fuel varying from bunker to bunker.
Thumb rule for purifier setting : 20 to 40 % bowl volume in liters before desludge.
Fuel properties and separability
Fuel properties to watch out for are as follows
- Water : water on a long run forms sludge , which can be as a temporary or a permanent emulsion .
Removal though takes effect from settling , purification - sludge accumulation still remains
at a maximum of 50 percent of the volume , hence an equal amount of fuel is to be taken as
a permanent emulsion - leaving us to take the water percentage as sludge to be removed for
desludging.
Water : full percentage - volume equated to liters
-Total sediment potential : total sediment potential determines the aged separation of impurities
over time . This is the full potential of heated separation that can be effected in a purifier.
TSP : Full percentage --volume equated to liters
-Ash content :Ash can be quantitatively taken as separated during purification
Ash : Full percentage--volume equated to liters
-Inorganic elements such as Nickel Iron, and others: to be taken as percentage , translated to
volume basis density conversion.
Components :(ppm / density) ----volume equated to liters.
-Catfines - Though it is theoretically impossible to eliminate catfines by purification , research
suggested that a 2/3 rd percentile were removed effectively (66%).
Catfines : 0.66*(ppm / density)--- volume equated to liters.
Hence the formula for calculation will be as follows:
Total sludge : Throughput rate of purifier in liters*(% water +TSP%+Ash%+0.001*(Fe (ppm)/7.874+Ni (ppm)/8.908 +Cr (ppm)/7.19 +Pb ppm/11.34 +C ppm*0.7/2.25 +Al(ppm)*0.66/2.710 +Si(ppm)*0.66/2.32))
Taking all above into account , the individual values can be calculated basis fuel analysis , and the value set basis 20 percent bowl volume for desludge , considering proper conditioning of sludge and lower stress on components sealing the bowl.
The basics of purification and desludging depends upon the separation efficiency of purification and the impurity contents found in fuel blend.
Optimization of sludge generation in a purifier depends upon those parameters , basis analysis and also helps us reduce wastage of fuel unnecessarily as sludge, wherein disposal sometimes poses issues due to excess sludging and limited onboard capacities for handling/disposal.
Quantitative estimate of sludge formation and desludge intervals depends upon the fuel properties, followed by stress factor of sealing/working components of purification system.
Fuel being a homogeneous colloloidal blend with equilibrium under certain conditions leaves us with the option to assume disturbances to this equilibrium due to various stages in handling/ storage ,impurity additions ,usage - coupled with age(since blending to final consumption onboard) resulting in partial stratification of heavier and lighter components.
Purifier considerations
The guiding factors in a purifier to decide upon a desludge interval is the bowl volume
(given for every purifier in the manual) and the free space/ holding amount before the discharge can be effected.
The holding amount for brand new purifiers is 40 percent of bowl volume and for purifiers in use can be taken at 20 percent. This is due to the following reasons.
- Bowl closing water pulse and duration is used to ensure bowl is closed assuming leakage past o rings - this leakage increases with age and running in of purifier, irrespective of using new kits , once aged. This puts more strain on the bowl/ sealing rings once build up starts and thus tends to open the bowl during running.
-Sludge conditioning for removal becomes more difficult if build-up is allowed to exceed more and will choke the plates/ deteriorate the performance/ accelerate build up if not removed.
-Stratification of impurities during change-over of fuels. Despite all best practices, the change-over time requires minimum desludge intervals (depending upon the fuel properties of both fuels , due to the fact that the tanks cannot be entirely stripped off old fuel . Hence the time for desludge has to be reduced for the proportion assuming equal stratification in quantities, before setting up for the new fuel).
Optimal setting will also increase life of bowl sealing components ensuring an optimal wear and tear thus reducing maintenance and costs on a long run. However this is a continual exercise , considering the properties of fuel varying from bunker to bunker.
Thumb rule for purifier setting : 20 to 40 % bowl volume in liters before desludge.
Fuel properties and separability
Fuel properties to watch out for are as follows
- Water : water on a long run forms sludge , which can be as a temporary or a permanent emulsion .
Removal though takes effect from settling , purification - sludge accumulation still remains
at a maximum of 50 percent of the volume , hence an equal amount of fuel is to be taken as
a permanent emulsion - leaving us to take the water percentage as sludge to be removed for
desludging.
Water : full percentage - volume equated to liters
-Total sediment potential : total sediment potential determines the aged separation of impurities
over time . This is the full potential of heated separation that can be effected in a purifier.
TSP : Full percentage --volume equated to liters
-Ash content :Ash can be quantitatively taken as separated during purification
Ash : Full percentage--volume equated to liters
-Inorganic elements such as Nickel Iron, and others: to be taken as percentage , translated to
volume basis density conversion.
Components :(ppm / density) ----volume equated to liters.
-Catfines - Though it is theoretically impossible to eliminate catfines by purification , research
suggested that a 2/3 rd percentile were removed effectively (66%).
Catfines : 0.66*(ppm / density)--- volume equated to liters.
Hence the formula for calculation will be as follows:
Total sludge : Throughput rate of purifier in liters*(% water +TSP%+Ash%+0.001*(Fe (ppm)/7.874+Ni (ppm)/8.908 +Cr (ppm)/7.19 +Pb ppm/11.34 +C ppm*0.7/2.25 +Al(ppm)*0.66/2.710 +Si(ppm)*0.66/2.32))
Taking all above into account , the individual values can be calculated basis fuel analysis , and the value set basis 20 percent bowl volume for desludge , considering proper conditioning of sludge and lower stress on components sealing the bowl.
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